With reference to the religious history of medieval India, the Sufi mystics were known to pursue which of the following practices?

  1. Meditation and control of breath
  2. Severe ascetic exercises in a lonely place
  3. Recitation of holy songs to arouse a state of ecstasy in their audience

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2012 Prelims]

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3


Answer: (d)

Explanation:

  • Sufism is a mystical form of Islam that emphasizes the spiritual search for God and rejects materialism.
  • Sufi practices include love and devotion towards God, music and dance as expressions of devotion, and meditation and breath control exercises.
  • Sama is a musical recital used to induce a mystical state of ecstasy. Disciples, known as murids, progress through spiritual exercises in a solitary environment.

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

Consider the following statements:                                                                   The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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Consider the following statements:                                                         The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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