With reference to India’s satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements:

  1. PSLVs launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites.
  2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth.
  3. GSLV Mk III is a four-staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2018 Prelims]

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3

(c) 1 and 2

(d) 3 only


Answer: (a)        

Explanation:

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)

  • It is India’s third-generation launch vehicle, often referred to as the “Workhorse of ISRO” because of its ability to consistently deliver various satellites to Low Earth Orbits.
  • This four-stage launch vehicle employs liquid rocket engines for its second and fourth stages and solid rocket motors for its first and third stages.
  • Its primary objective is to launch earth-observation or remote-sensing satellites weighing up to 1750 Kg to Sun-Synchronous circular polar orbits with altitudes ranging from 600-900 Km.

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

  • GSLV is developed and operated by ISRO primarily for deploying communication satellites.
  • The GSLV Mk 3 is a heavy-duty launch vehicle with three stages, including a liquid booster and a cryogenic upper stage, capable of carrying up to 4 tons of satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or up to 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
  • As these satellites are in geo-synchronous orbits, they appear to stay in a fixed position in the sky when viewed from a specific location on Earth.

Consider the following statements:                                                                   The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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Consider the following statements:                                                         The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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