With reference to Indian history, who of the following were known as “Kulah-Daran”?
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2022 Prelims]
(a) Arab merchants
(b) Qalandars
(c) Persian calligraphists
(d) Sayyids
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
- The Islamic religious class in India was made up of various important groups, including theologians, ascetics, sayyids, Pirs, and their descendants.
- Among these groups, the theologians held the most significant positions in the state, as previously discussed.
- They were collectively known as Dastar-bandan or turban wearers, named after their official headwear.
- The Sayyids, who claimed to be descended from the Prophet through his daughter Fatima, were also a respected group in Muslim society.
- They were identified by their pointed caps (kulah) and referred to as ‘Kulah Daran’ during the Delhi Sultanate.
- Even Timur, during his invasion of India, spared the lives of Sayyids despite his policy of widespread slaughter.
Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.