There is some concern regarding the nanoparticles of some chemical elements that are used by the industry in the manufacture of various products. Why?

1. They can accumulate in the environment, and contaminate water and soil.
2. They can enter the food chains.
3. They can trigger the production of free radicals.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2014 Prelims]

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (d)        

Explanation:

• A nanoparticle is defined as a particle of matter that is between 1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter.
• Nanoparticles are formed through the breaking down of larger particles or by controlled assembly processes.
• Impact of Nanoparticles:
  • They can accumulate in the environment, and contaminate water and soil.
  • They can enter food chains.
  • They can trigger the production of free radicals.
  • Nanoparticles may cross cell membranes.
  • Nanoparticles can reach the blood and may reach other target sites such as the liver, heart, or blood cells and may cause damage to cells as they stay for a persistently long time.