The lower Gangetic plain is characterised by humid climate with high temperature throughout the year. Which one among the following pairs of crops is most suitable for this region?

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2011 Prelims]

(a) Paddy and Cotton

(b) Wheat and Jute

(c) Paddy and Jute

(d) Wheat and cotton

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

• The Lower Gangetic Plains, located in West Bengal, covers 8% of the total basin area and is primarily characterised by alluvial soils that are prone to flooding.
• Despite having a rich supply of water and soil resources, the region is currently facing challenges of high population pressure beyond its carrying capacity and low productivity levels.
• The region is known for its rice-based cropping system and Hilsa fish culture, as well as rearing of buffalo, black Bengal goat, and Garol sheep.
• The northern part of the plain has been formed by sediment deposits from rivers such as Tista, Jaldhaka, and Torsa.
• The climate in the region is humid and warm throughout the year, making it ideal for cultivating jute and paddy.
• The alluvial or loamy soils found in the river basins are best suited for jute cultivation, while clayey soils are most suitable for paddy due to their ability to hold water.
• It is noteworthy that 85% of the world’s jute cultivation is concentrated in the Ganges Delta.

Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.