Recombinant DNA technology (Genetic Engineering) allows genes to be transferred

1. Across different species of plants
2. From animals to plants
3. From microorganisms to higher organisms

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2013 Prelims]

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 1 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (d)        

Explanation:

• Genetic Engineering is the process of modifying genetic material and introducing it to a host organism to change its phenotype.
• It involves three main processes: recombining DNA, gene cloning, and gene transfer.
• Recombinant DNA technology is a technique used to combine DNA from different sources to form a new DNA sequence.
• The resulting DNA is then inserted into a host organism, creating a new genetic composition that is superior to the original DNA.
• This process involves using tools such as restriction enzymes (molecular scissors), cloning vectors, and competent hosts.
• Steps of Recombinant DNA technology include isolating genetic material, cutting DNA at specific locations, amplifying the gene of interest using PCR, introducing the recombinant DNA into the host cell/organism, obtaining the foreign gene product, and downstream processing.
• Recombinant DNA technology has applications in various fields, including science, agriculture, medicine, and industry.