It is possible to produce algae based biofuels, but what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing countries in promoting this industry?

  1. Production of algae based biofuels is possible in seas only and not on continents.
  2. Setting up and engineering the algae based biofuel production requires high level of expertise/technology until the construction is completed.
  3. Economically viable production necessitates the setting up of large scale facilities which may raise ecological and social concerns.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2017 Prelims]

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(c) 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: (b)        

Explanation:

  • Algae-based biofuel can be produced using various sources such as land, saline water, and wastewater. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
  • Algal biofuel can be produced in both marine and terrestrial environments. They can be cultivated on non-arable or marginal land, as well as brackish or contaminated water, but land-based systems are more advanced than sea-based ones.
  • Creating and engineering algae-based biofuel production requires advanced technology and expertise because the technology is still in a pre-commercial stage, and capital investments represent a significant barrier. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
  • Producing biofuel from algae on a large scale could create ecological and social concerns, such as reducing the amount of food available to humans and increasing food and fuel prices due to supply shortages. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Consider the following statements:                                                                   The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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Consider the following statements:                                                         The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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