In the context of which one of the following arc the terms ‘pyrolysis and plasma gasification’ mentioned?

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2019 Prelims]

(a) Extraction of rare earth elements

(b) Natural gas extraction technologies

(c) Hydrogen fuel-based automobiles

(d) Waste-to-energy technologies

Answer: (d)        

Explanation:

Pyrolysis

• Pyrolysis is a process that chemically decomposes organic materials at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen.
• The process typically occurs at temperatures above 430 °C and under pressure.
• Its primary purpose is to convert organic materials into a solid residue containing ash and carbon, as well as small quantities of liquid and gases.

Plasma Gasification

• Plasma gasification is an extreme thermal process that uses plasma to convert organic matter into a syngas primarily made up of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
• The process is used commercially as a waste-to-energy system that converts various waste types, including municipal solid waste, tires, hazardous waste, and sewage sludge, into synthesis gas.
• This syngas can be used to generate power.