In the context of which one of the following arc the terms ‘pyrolysis and plasma gasification’ mentioned?

[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2019 Prelims]

(a) Extraction of rare earth elements

(b) Natural gas extraction technologies

(c) Hydrogen fuel-based automobiles

(d) Waste-to-energy technologies


Answer: (d)        

Explanation:

Pyrolysis

  • Pyrolysis is a process that chemically decomposes organic materials at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen.
  • The process typically occurs at temperatures above 430 °C and under pressure.
  • Its primary purpose is to convert organic materials into a solid residue containing ash and carbon, as well as small quantities of liquid and gases.

Plasma Gasification

  • Plasma gasification is an extreme thermal process that uses plasma to convert organic matter into a syngas primarily made up of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
  • The process is used commercially as a waste-to-energy system that converts various waste types, including municipal solid waste, tires, hazardous waste, and sewage sludge, into synthesis gas.
  • This syngas can be used to generate power.

Consider the following statements:                                                                   The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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Consider the following statements:                                                         The Parliament of India can place a particular law in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India. The validity of a law placed in the Ninth Schedule cannot be examined by any court and no judgement can be made on it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements:                                               

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