Building ‘Kalyaana Mandapas’ was a notable feature in the temple construction in the kingdom of
[UPSC Civil Services Exam – 2019 Prelims]
(a) Chalukya
(b) Chandela
(c) Rashtrakuta
(d) Vijayanagara
Answer: (d)
Explanation:
Vijayanagara Architecture – Key Features and Examples:
- The Vijayanagara Empire was established in 1336 AD by Harihara and Bukka. The architectural style that flourished during this period is known as Vijayanagara architecture, which boasted several distinct characteristics.
- Prominent among them were the construction of majestic Raya Gopurams, towering gateways that adorned temple complexes.
- Another notable feature was the presence of intricately carved pillars in the Kalyana mandapam (marriage halls) within temple premises.
- The Garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) and the Amman shrine were also significant architectural elements.
- In terms of artistic motifs, the sculptures on the pillars predominantly showcased horses, adding a sense of grace and grandeur.
- The construction of Kalyana Mandapas, specifically dedicated to conducting religious and ceremonial events, was a notable hallmark of temple architecture in the Vijayanagara kingdom.
- Among the famous examples of Vijayanagara architecture, the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi stands out for its impressive design and artistic embellishments.
- Another renowned structure is the Hazara Rama temple, commissioned by Deva Raya I, known for its intricate carvings depicting various mythological scenes.
- These temples serve as excellent representations of the Vijayanagara style of architecture and highlight the empire’s rich cultural and artistic heritage.
Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
